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Text File | 1992-01-31 | 26.1 KB | 675 lines

.f3 - # - Chapter 19 - Footnotes & Endnotes .rm70 .tc .tc 19. FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES & ANNOTATIONS .................# CHAPTER 19 FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES & ANNOTATIONS A Word Fugue document can include Footnotes, Endnotes & annotation in the same document. A Footnote is special text referred to in the body of your document, and that prints at the foot of the page. A superscripted reference number appears in the text body, and also appears before the footnote text. An Endnote is special text referred to in the body of your document, and which prints at the end of the document or chapter. An Annotation is a special comment that can be attached to the text, normally by people reviewing the document. Annotations do not print, but can be viewed on screen. .tc Footnotes .........................................# Footnotes .IMFootnotes .ix Definition A footnote may appear at the bottom of the page, or at the bottom of each column of snaking text. By default, Word Fugue places footnotes at the bottom of the page. If there is not enough room on the page for all the footnotes, Word Fugue will continue the footnotes at the bottom of the next page. Word Fugue prints a separator line - a 2´ inch line - between the document text and the beginning of the footnotes. You can edit this character and replace it with different characters. When a footnote continues onto the next page, Word Fugue prints a continuation separator - a 6´ inch line - between the document text and the footnote text. This is printed on all pages where a footnote has been continued from the previous page. You can edit this or replace it with some other character (or characters). In addition, you can print a continuation notice such as "/.." or "Cont" at the bottom of the page on which the continuing footnote starts. .tc Inserting Footnotes ............................# Inserting Footnotes .ix Inserting Choose Footnote Creation from the menu (F10,E,N,F) or by use of the short cut keys Ctrl-J N. An automatic reference mark will be inserted into the document at the cursor position, and a new window will open to show the notes file. The cursor will be positioned at the start of the footnote text, underneath a reference number (such as .!0001) that is used to link the footnote text with the footnote reference in the document. Footnote text can be any length, and can contain multiple paragraphs. Type in the footnote text, and then switch back to the document (F9). Alternatively, you can close the footnote window (Shift F4) once you have typed in the text. Note - if you have the maximum of eight windows open, or there is not enough memory remaining to open another window, you will receive an error message instead. You will need to close one or more windows first. .CP5 If you have font display turned OFF, you will see a reference such as {.@NFn0001} inserted into the text. If you have font display turned ON, you will see a reference such as 1 appear in the document. .tc Editing Footnotes ..............................# Editing Footnotes .ix Editing Place the cursor in the note reference you wish to edit. Choose Modify Note text from the menu (F10,E,N,M). A window will open with the notes file displayed, and the cursor will be positioned at the start of the footnote text for the reference you selected. You can edit the text in the same way as you would edit document text. .tc Deleting Footnotes .............................# Deleting Footnotes .ix Deleting Delete the footnote reference mark in the document. If you delete the footnote text from the note file, the reference mark remains in the document. .tc Moving Footnotes ...............................# Moving Footnotes .ix Moving Mark the footnote reference as a block, then move it to the new location. .tc Copying Footnotes ..............................# Copying Footnotes .ix Copying Mark the footnote reference as a block, then copy it to the new location. If the two references are on the same page, they will be given the same reference number when printed, and the footnote text will print only once at the foot of the page. If the two reference numbers are on different pages, they will be given different references numbers, and the text will print at the bottom of both pages. .tc Changing a Footnote Reference Mark .............# Changing a Footnote Reference Mark .ix Changing Reference marks A footnote reference mark may be generated automatically by Word Fugue as: a number a roman numeral a letter of the alphabet or you may over-ride this and request any special character. Place the cursor within the note reference, and select Change Reference Char from the menu (F10,E,N,R). You will be prompted to "Enter the note reference char". If you Type: The Reference mark will print as: n or N A number r lowercase roman numeral R Uppercase roman numeral a lowercase letter of the alphabet A Uppercase letter of the alphabet any other character the character you typed eg $ $ You will not see roman numerals on screen, instead you will see only the reference mark identifier you entered (eg R) If you turn font display OFF, you will see {.@NFn0001} for number references {.@NFr0001} for lowercase roman numerals {.@NFR0001} for Uppercase roman numerals {.@NFa0001} for lowercase letters {.@NFA0001} for Uppercase letters {.@NF$0001} for $ .tc The Notes File .................................# The Notes File .ix Notes File Footnotes, Endnotes & Annotations are saved in a separate file, with the same name as your document, but with the extension set to .!WF Each note in the file starts with a reference number on its own line (eg .!0008), and the text for the note follows on the lines below. While there is no restriction on the size of a footnote, bear in mind that if it covers several pages, it would be better off as a separate appendix or chapter. The first line of the file starts with a number (the last reference number used) in the format #1234. The rest of the line can contain parameter for the printing of footnotes and endnotes. These are discussed in detail below. The notes file parameters are processed when the first footnote or endnote is encountered during printing. If you want to change the values of the parameters after you have started printing footnotes or endnotes, you can place the parameters you want to change on a .NS dot command line, which will be processed when encountered in the text. .tc The .NSF dot Command ...........................# The NSF Dot Command .ix .NSF .ixDot Commands; .NSF - Footnotes processing parameters This command passes its parameters to the footnotes processing. .NSF - pass to foot notes The parameters are described below. .tc Line Height and Character Width .............# Line Height and Character Width .ix Line Height .ix Character Width Sometimes you want footnotes and endnotes printed in smaller type. If you do, you need to inform Word Fugue of how much smaller you want the type to be, so that the program can calculate how many lines can fit on a page, and how many characters can fit in a column. Line Height This is set by the LH = r.r parameter. This parameter can appear on the first line of the notes file, or on a line that starts with .NS. The value of r.r is the multiplier of normal line size, so if you have normal line size at 6 lines per inch, and you want footnotes printed at 8 lines per inch, you would set r.r equal to 0.75. The format of the parameter is: .NSF LH = 0.75 within the document text or LH = r.r at the head of the notes file This would send the appropriate sequence to the printer to tell it to print at 8 lines per inch rather than 6 lines per inch. (6 lines per inch divided by 0.75 = 8 lines per inch) Character Width If you want to print footnotes in a smaller pitch, you would set the character width parameter (CW = r.r) to a value smaller than 1. Most printers do not let you scale the character pitch and size, so Word Fugue will send what ever print codes are set for the ^E sequence (normally Elite pitch or 12 cpi instead of Pica pitch or 10 cpi). This will only happen if the Character Width is set to a value different from one. .NSF CW = 0.83 within the document text or CW = 0.83 at the head of the notes file This would set the character pitch to Elite spacing. .tc Print Footnotes in Snaking Columns ..........# Print Footnotes in Snaking Columns .ix Snaking Columns If your text is not printing in snaking columns, then footnotes can be printed in snaking columns. This is done by specifying the CO parameter in the first line of the notes file, or on a .NS dot line: .NSF CO = (n/g w,w ...) The contents of the brackets are exactly the same as a .CO dot command line. .NSF CO = (2/5) within the document or CO = (2/5) at the head of the notes file would print footnotes in 2 snaking columns. However, if you are already printing text in snaking columns, any .CO command will be ignored. Instead, you must specify whether the footnotes are to print at the bottom of each existing snaking column, or to leave some lines at the bottom of the page, and print the footnotes at the bottom of the page, after the snaking columns of text have printed. .CP10 This is done with the SNFN parameter (for SNaking columns with FootNotes): .NSF SNFN = (COL) to print in each column .NSF SNFN = (PAGE,LEAVE=6) to print below the columns, and to leave 6 lines room or SNFN = (COL) at the head of the notes file or SNFN = (PAGE,LEAVE=6) at the head of the notes file The default is PAGE,LEAVE=5 .CP6 .tc Footnote Number Reset .......................# Footnotes Number Reset .ix Number Reset If you have footnotes that are automatically numbered (arabic, roman or letters), then you can choose whether to reset the numbers at the start of each page by the FS parameter. .NSF FS=PAGE means start the number sequence again on each page. ie page 1 -> 1, 2, 3 page 2 -> 1, 2 page 3 -> 1, 2, 3, 4 .NSF FS=SEQ means continue the sequence on subsequent pages ie page 1 -> 1, 2, 3 page 2 -> 4, 5 page 3 -> 6, 7, 8, 9 or FS=SEQ at the head of the notes file or FS=PAGE .tc Footnote Separators .........................# Footnote Separators .ix Separators These are the characters and text that separate the footnote text from the document text at the bottom of the page or beneath the text. Separator Displays the character or series of characters that are printed between the document text and the footnote text. The default is a 2´ inch line. This can be changed by the SEP parameter. .NSF SEP = "ƒ{25}" means 25 ƒ characters (2´ inch line) .NSF SEP = "abcde" means the sequence abcde .NSF SEP = "AB{3}C" means the sequence ABBBC or SEP = "ƒ{25}" at the head of the notes file The separator must be surrounded by double quotes ("). If you want to repeat a character, you can use the {n} short cut method, where a character followed by {n} will be repeated n times Cont. Separator When a footnote text continues to the next page, you can specify a separator for the continuation. The default is a solid line 6´ inches long. The Continuation separator is different from the normal separator. This way you can use a different separator to distinguish a continued footnote from a footnote on the current page. .NSF CSEP = "ƒ{65}" means 65 ƒ characters (6´ inch line) or CSEP = "ƒ{65}" at the head of the notes file The separator must be surrounded by double quotes ("). If you want to repeat a character, you can use the {n} short cut method, where a character followed by {n} will be repeated n times Cont. Notice when a footnote continues to the next page, you can specify continuation text - a notice that the footnote continues on the next page. The default is "/...", but can be changed by the Fcont parameter .NSF FCONT = "/..." or FCONT = "/..." at the head of the notes file .tc Background on Footnotes ........................# Background on Footnotes .ix Background Word Fugue places each successive footnote on a page at the bottom margin and "pushes up" the previous footnotes. Word Fugue calculates the space for footnotes until either all the footnotes are printed or the page becomes full. The page is full when there is no more room between the last reference footnote mark and the start of the footnote, or there is no space left at the bottom margin to insert another footnote. Word Fugue continues a footnote from page to page until it reaches the end of the footnote text. In cases where the footnote is longer than a page, Word Fugue may devote a whole page to the footnote. .tc Setting the start Number .......................# Setting the start Number .ix Footnote start number .ix .F# .ixDot Commands; .F# - Footnote start number The starting number for a footnote is set by the .F# dot command. .F# 3 will start the first footnote encountered at number 3 .tc Endnotes ..........................................# Endnotes .IMEndnotes .ix Definition Endnotes may appear at the end of the document, or at the end of each chapter. By default, Word Fugue places endnotes at the end of the document. If there is not enough room on the page for all the endnotes, Word Fugue will continue the endnotes at the bottom of the next page. .tc The .PE dot Command ............................# The PE Dot Command .ix .PE .ixDot Commands; .PE - Print endnotes here You can direct Word Fugue to commence printing endnotes at any point during the document, including in snaking columns of text, by using the .PE dot command. All endnotes referenced prior to that point will be printed immediately, starting with a new line. Those endnotes will not be printed again unless they are referenced again. As endnotes are referenced, Word Fugue generates a reference number for printing (if auto generate is used) or prints the given reference number, and assigns the note to a list for printing in the appropriate place. When endnotes are printed, they are removed from the list. .CP5 .tc Inserting Endnotes .............................# Inserting Endnotes .ix Inserting Choose Endnote Creation from the menu (F10,E,N,E) or by use of the short cut keys Ctrl-J X. An automatic reference mark will be inserted into the document at the cursor position, and a new window will open to show the notes file. The cursor will be positioned at the start of the endnote text, underneath a reference number (such as .!0001) that is used to link the endnote text with the endnote reference in the document. Endnote text can be any length, and can contain multiple paragraphs. .CP5 Type in the endnote text, and then switch back to the document (F9). Alternatively, you can close the endnote window (Shift F4) once you have typed in the text. Note - if you have the maximum of eight windows open, or there is not enough memory remaining to open another window, you will receive an error message instead. You will need to close one or more windows first. .CP5 If you have font display turned OFF, you will see a reference such as {.@NEn0001} inserted into the text. If you have font display turned ON, you will see a reference such as 1 appear in the document. .tc Editing Endnotes ...............................# Editing Endnotes .ix Editing Place the cursor in the note reference you wish to edit. Choose Modify Note text from the menu (F10,E,N,M). A window will open with the notes file displayed, and the cursor will be positioned at the start of the endnote text for the reference you selected. You can edit the text in the same way as you would edit document text. .tc Deleting Endnotes ..............................# Deleting Endnotes .ix Deleting Delete the endnote reference mark in the document. If you delete the endnote text from the note file, the reference mark remains in the document. .tc Moving Endnotes ................................# Moving Endnotes .ix Moving Mark the endnote reference as a block, then move it to the new location. .tc Copying Endnotes ...............................# Copying Endnotes .ix Copying Mark the endnote reference as a block, then copy it to the new location. If the two references are on the same page, they will be given the same reference number when printed, and the endnote text will print only once at the end of the document. If the two reference numbers are on different pages, they will still be given different references numbers, and the text will print at the end of the document. .CP5 .tc Changing an Endnote Reference Mark .............# Changing an Endnote Reference Mark .ix Changing Reference marks A endnote reference mark may be generated automatically by Word Fugue as: a number a roman numeral a letter of the alphabet or you may over-ride this and request any special character. Place the cursor within the note reference, and select Change Reference Char from the menu (F10,E,N,R). You will be prompted to "Enter the note reference char". If you Type: The Reference mark will print as: n or N A number r lowercase roman numeral R Uppercase roman numeral a lowercase letter of the alphabet A Uppercase letter of the alphabet any other character the character you typed eg $ $ You will not see roman numerals on screen, instead you will see only the reference mark identifier you entered (eg R) If you turn font display OFF, you will see {.@NEn0001} for number references {.@NEr0001} for lowercase roman numerals {.@NER0001} for Uppercase roman numerals {.@NEa0001} for lowercase letters {.@NEA0001} for Uppercase letters {.@NE$0001} for $ .tc The Notes File .................................# The Notes File .ix Notes File Footnotes, Endnotes & Annotations are saved in a separate file, with the same name as your document, but with the extension set to .!WF. This was described above under Footnotes. .tc The .NSE dot Command ...........................# The NSE Dot Command .ix .NSE .ixDot Commands; .NSE - Endnote processing parameters This command passes its parameters to the endnotes processing. .NSE - pass to end notes The parameters are described below. .tc Line Height and Character Width .............# Line Height and Character Width .ix Line Height .ix Character Width Sometimes you want endnotes printed in smaller type. If you do, you need to inform Word Fugue of how much smaller you want the type to be, so that the program can calculate how many lines can fit on a page, and how many characters can fit in a column. .CP5 Unlike footnotes, which have their own LH & CW commands, you must include the appropriate print control sequence before the command to commence printing endnotes .tc Print Endnotes in Snaking Columns ...........# Print Endnotes in Snaking Columns .ix Snaking Columns If your text is printing in snaking columns, then endnotes will be printed in snaking columns. If you are not printing text in snaking columns, but you want Endnotes printing in snaking columns, you should insert a .CO dot command just before the end of the document, or immediately prior to the .PE command. .CP6 .tc Endnote Sorting .............................# Endnote Sorting .ix Sorting When endnotes are added to the list for later printing, you can specify that the first 15 characters of the endnote text be sorted in ascending or descending order when printing. The default is no sorting - endnotes are always added to the bottom of the list, and will print in the order they are referenced in the text. The format of the parameter is Sort=No|Ascend|Descend at the head of the notes file Sort=NO specifies no sorting (the default behaviour) Sort=Ascend specifies that the end notes will be sorted in ascending alphabetic order (A comes before B ...) of the first 15 characters of the reference text Sort=Descend specifies that the end notes will be sorted in descending alphabetic order of the first 15 characters of the reference text (Z before Y ...) NOTE - If you specify endnote sorting, you should not use automatic reference number generation, because the automatic reference number is dependent upon the position of the endnote within the list. That position could change as additional notes are added to the list, so that the 4th note becomes the 5th and so on. However, the automatic number has been printed before this happens .tc Setting the start Number .......................# Setting the start Number .ix Endnote start number .ix .E# .ixDot Commands; .E# - Endnote start number The starting number for a endnote is set by the .E# dot command. .E# 3 will start the first endnote encountered at number 3 .CP6 .imAnnotation .tc Annotation ........................................# Annotation .ix Definition Annotations are comments added by reviewers to a document. They are stored in the notes file, and referenced within the document. They do not print when you print the document. .CP6 .tc Inserting an Annotation ........................# Inserting an Annotation .ix Inserting Choose Annotation Creation from the menu (F10,E,N,A) or by use of the short cut keys Ctrl-J Z. An automatic reference mark will be inserted into the document at the cursor position, and a new window will open to show the notes file. The cursor will be positioned at the start of the endnote text, underneath a reference number (such as .!0001) that is used to link the endnote text with the endnote reference in the document. Annotation text can be any length, and can contain multiple paragraphs. .CP5 Type in the annotation text, and then switch back to the document (F9). Alternatively, you can close the endnote window (Shift F4) once you have typed in the text. Note - if you have the maximum of eight windows open, or there is not enough memory remaining to open another window, you will receive an error message instead. You will need to close one or more windows first. .CP5 If you have font display turned OFF, you will see a reference such as {.@NAn0001} inserted into the text. If you have font display turned ON, you will see a reference such as 1 appear in the document. .tc Editing Annotations ............................# Editing Annotations .ix Editing Place the cursor in the note reference you wish to edit. Choose Modify Note text from the menu (F10,E,N,M). A window will open with the notes file displayed, and the cursor will be positioned at the start of the endnote text for the reference you selected. You can edit the text in the same way as you would edit document text. .tc Deleting Annotations ...........................# Deleting Annotations .ix Deleting Delete the annotation reference mark in the document. If you delete the annotation text from the note file, the reference mark remains in the document. .tc Moving Annotations .............................# Moving Annotations .ix Moving Mark the annotation reference as a block, then move it to the new location. .tc Copying Annotations ............................# Copying Annotations .ix Copying Mark the annotation reference as a block, then copy it to the new location. .tc The Notes File .................................# The Notes File .ix Notes File Footnotes, Endnotes & Annotations are saved in a separate file, with the same name as your document, but with the extension set to .!WF. This was described above under Footnotes. .CP5 .tc Printing Annotations ...........................# Printing Annotations .ix Printing Annotations do not print when you print a document. However, you can print the contents of the notes file by calling up the print menu, and changing the filename extension to .!WF, and printing that file.